Effective risk management depends on strong rules and not cutting corners
 This US-registered Hawker Siddeley HS125 Srs 600A touched down left of the runway and well beyond the threshold at ZBM (Bromont QC, Canada). Many factors, including culture, contribute to human error-the leading cause of incidents and accidents according to NTSB.
Traditionally, aviation safety has been regulated prescriptively, ie, regulators define safety correctness through myriad rules and standards and then audit and inspect operators to verify compliance.
This complex approach requires specialist oversight resources and often overconstrains operators, particularly in introducing new processes and technologies.
Long-term improvements in aviation loss rates are admired by other industries. While it took 20 years (1948-68) to achieve a 10-fold reduction in fatality rate, the next 10-fold reduction took 30 years
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